"System of the Merchants" of Constantinople and the Commercial Encyclopedia |
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The "System of the Greek Grand-merchants" in Constantinople-Istanbul (Σύστημα των εν Κωνσταντινουπόλει Ελλήνων Μεγαλεμπόρων) was the guild of the Greek grand-merchants of Constantinople. Within the framework of the System, the important work of Nikolaos Papadopoulos Commercial Encyclopedia was published. |
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Banks and Greek Orthodox bankers in Constantinople |
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During the 19th century, a distinctive, powerful group of Greek Orthodox bankers was active primarily in the fiscal policy of the Ottoman Empire. They have been known as the Galata Bankers, due to the location of their credit foundations. |
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Capital levy "varlık vergisi" in Istanbul |
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The law on Capital Levy was debated and approved by the Turkish parliament on 11 November 1942. It was clearly an important legislation, not only from an economic, but also from a political and cultural point of view. It was apparent to taxpayers that the tax was ‘anti-Minority’ legislation par excellence. According to the law, those taxpayers who were unable to pay their tax within one month began to be sent to labour camps with the aim of performing physical labour and working off their taxes. |
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Economic activities of the Greek-Orthodox of Constantinople in the 19th and 20th century |
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European merchants in Constantinople |
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Greek Orthodox guilds in Constantinople |
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Greek Orthodox migrants in Constantinople |
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Greek Orthodox pious foundations in Constantinople |
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After giving a brief description of the legal framework to which Greek communal estates belonged during the 19th century, this article sums the legal developments after the 1935 Law, which equated the “pious foundations of the (Christian and Jewish) communities” with Muslim vakıfs. |
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Liberal professions in Constantinople in the 19th and 20th century |
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Migration of Greek-Orthodox from Macedonia to Constantinople |
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