Anti-Greek riots of September 1955 in Constantinople (Istanbul) |
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The attacks against the Constantinopolitan Greeks in September 1955 took place in the context formed by the tension in the Greek-Turkish relations in the middle of ’50s. The nationalistic outburst in Turkey because of the Cypriot question had already formed an explosive situation in Constantinople, which deteriorated after the news about the attack on the consulate of Turkey in Thessaloniki. Nowadays, almost all the researchers agree that the following extensive assaults begun on government’s... |
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Associations of the Greek Orthodox in Constantinople |
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The great developments in the collective activities of the Greeks in Constantinople from the middle of the 19th century until the 1920s were due to the favourable conditions created by the reforms introduced to the Ottoman Empire; such include the institution of egalitarianism for both Muslim and non-Muslim subjects, as well as the legal foundation of Greek-Orthodox communities. These associations embarked upon rich scientific, educational and recreational activities, while ideas, anxieties,... |
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Beyoğlu (Stavrodromi / Pera) |
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District located in the outskirts of Galata, intensely cosmopolitan in character, seat to most of the foreign embassies of Constantinople (Istanbul), bur also a significant commercial centre all through the 19th century. Greek-Orthodox population was present in Pera since the 17th century and firmly organised, as indicated by the statute of the Greek Orthodox Stavrodromi community. |
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Columns and Obelisks in Byzantine Constantinople |
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Continuing Roman practices, Constantinople was decorated with a series of honorific columns and obelisks in the early period. Constantinople’s two obelisks, located in the hippodrome area and originally decorating the spina, date to the 4th century. Several commemorative columns survive, in various states of preservation. The practice was abandoned in the 6th century, only to be revived briefly in the 13th. |
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Construction of public space in 19th - century Constantinople |
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During the period of the tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire (1839-1876), some typical features in the cultural and social environment of the Ottoman capital emerged, which leave room for the use of the term “public space”, according to the model of Jürgen Habermas. These features consisted of new spaces of sociability, like the bourgeois associations and clubs, the development of the press, the formation of a literate public through the establishment of educational foundations. As a result,... |
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Craft guilds in Constantinople |
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The guilds were unions, or associations of craftsmen and professionals in the cities, under the monitoring of the state. They were formed for the protection of their members’ interests and the transmission of practical knowledge (via the apprenticeship), and they also exerted political influence. The guilds in the capital were under the direct control of the prefect of the City (praefectus urbi). Since practically their dependence from the state was limited, they constituted one of the poles of... |
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Greek Orthodox guilds in Constantinople |
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Будући да се Византија налазила на трусном подручју, земљотреси су се догађали веома често. Премда је у изворима остао забележен велики број земљотреса, разборито је претпоставити да је он заправо био још већи. Византинци су се бојали земљотреса како због њихових разорних последица, које су осим људских жртава обухватале и знатне материјалне штете, тако и због страха од божијег гнева изазваног људским гресима које су земљотресима наговештавани. У историји Цариграда (4.-15. век) забележено је... |
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У јануару 532. године у Цариграду је избио устанак против Јустинијана I. Деме, односно странке плавих и зелених, ујединиле су се против цареве аутократске владавине и византијска престоница је доживела једну од највећих смутњи у току своје једномиленијумске историје. На површину су испливале сложене социјалне и верске противречности оновременог византијског друштва. Буна, према лозинци побуњеника названа Ника, трајала је осам дана и умало није срушила са престола Јустинијана I. Том приликом су... |
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